[Crm-sig] ISSUE 272

[martin]

Dear All,

Below my attempt to adapt the scope note of E4 Period
to be subclass of spacetime volume.

Comments welcome!

Martin


      E4 Period

Subclass of:E2<#_E2_Temporal_Entity>Temporal Entity

E92<#_E92_Spacetime_Volume>Spacetime Volume

Superclass of: E5<#_E5_Event>Event

Scope note:This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural 
manifestations bounded in time and space.

It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify 
an E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal bounds. These bounds 
are a mere approximation of the actual process of growth, spread and 
retreat. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time 
and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area as a 
sedentary culture.

As the actual extent of an E4 Period in spacetimewe regard the 
trajectories of the participating physical things during their 
participation in an instance of E4 Period, the open spaces via which 
they have interacted and the spaces by which they had the potential to 
interact during that period or event in the way defined by the type of 
the respective period or event, such as the air in a meeting room 
transferring the voices. Since these phenomena are fuzzy, we assume the 
spatiotemporal extent to be contiguous, except for cases of phenomena 
spreading out over islands or other separated areas. In these cases, the 
trajectories necessary for participants to travel between these areas 
are not regarded as part of the spatiotemporal extent. Consequently, 
instances of E4 Period may occupy each a limited number of disjoint 
spacetime volumes, however there must not be a discontinuity in the 
total timespan covered by these spacetime volumes.

Typically this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods 
such as the “Neolithic Period”, the “Ming Dynasty” or the “McCarthy 
Era”, but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are 
regarded as special cases of E4 Period. Geopolitical units may be 
distributed over disconnected areas, such as islands or colonies. In 
such cases, the spatiotemporal extent is composed of more than one 
spacetime volume. One may argue that the activities to govern 
disconnected areas imply travelling through spaces connecting them and 
that these areas hence are spatially connected in a way, but it appears 
counterintuitive to consider for instance travel routes in international 
waters as extensions of geopolitical units. Nevertheless, an instance of 
E4 Period must be contiguous in time. I.e., if it has ended in all 
areas, it has ended as a whole, but it may involve one area after 
another, such as the Polynesian migration, as long as it is ongoingat 
least in one area.

There are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In 
particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of 
coherent phenomena. Therefore E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For 
example, a modern clinical E67 Birth can be seen as both an atomic E5 
Event and as an E4 Period that consists of multiple activities performed 
by multiple instances of E39 Actor.

There are two different conceptualisations of ‘artistic style’, defined 
either by physical features or by historical context. For example, 
“Impressionism” can be viewed as a period lasting from approximately 
1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were 
produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, 
Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as 
a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the 
works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical 
context. The first interpretation is an E4 Period, and the second 
defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type.

Another specific case of an E4 Period is the set of activities and 
phenomena associated with a settlement, such as the populated period of 
Nineveh.

Examples:

§Jurassic

§European Bronze Age

§Italian Renaissance

§Thirty Years War

§Sturm und Drang

§Cubism

Properties*:*

P7<#_P7_took_place>took place at (witnessed): E53<#_E53_Place>Place

P8<#_P8_took_place>took place on or within (witnessed): 
E18<#_E19_Physical_Object>Physical Thing

P9<#_P9_consists_of_%28forms%20part%20of%29>consists of (forms part of): 
E4<#_E4_Period>Period

P10<#_P10_falls_within_%28contains%29>falls within (contains): 
E4<#_E4_Period>Period

P132<#_P132_overlaps_with>overlaps with: E4<#_E4_Period>Period

P133<#_P133_is_separated_from>is separated from: E4<#_E4_Period>Period

P158<#_P158_%28Px3%29_occupied>occupied: 
E92<#_E92_Spacetime_Volume>Spacetime Volume

*NEW SCOPE NOTE: *


      E4 Period

Subclass of:E2<#_E2_Temporal_Entity>Temporal Entity

E92<#_E92_Spacetime_Volume>Spacetime Volume

Superclass of: E5<#_E5_Event>Event

Scope note:This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural 
manifestations occurring in time and space.

It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify 
an E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal extent. This extent 
is only the “ground” or space in an abstract physical sense that the 
actual process of growth, spread and retreat has covered. Consequently, 
different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as 
when a nomadic culture exists in the same area and time as a sedentary 
culture.

As the actual extent of an E4 Period in spacetimewe regard the 
trajectories of the participating physical things during their 
participation in an instance of E4 Period, the open spaces via which 
they have interacted and the spaces by which they had the potential to 
interact during that period or event in the way defined by the type of 
the respective period or event, such as the air in a meeting room 
transferring the voices. Since these phenomena are fuzzy, we assume the 
spatiotemporal extent to be contiguous, except for cases of phenomena 
spreading out over islands or other separated areas. In these cases, the 
trajectories necessary for participants to travel between these areas 
are not regarded as part of the spatiotemporal extent. Consequently, 
instances of E4 Period may occupy each a limited number of disjoint 
spacetime volumes, however there must not be a discontinuity in the 
total timespan covered by these spacetime volumes.

Even though the substance of an instance of E4 Period is phenomena and 
hence different from the substance of a spacetime volume, which is an 
aggregation of points in spacetime, the real spatiotemporal extent of an 
instance of E4 Period is regarded to be unique to it due to all its 
details and fuzziness. Its identity and existence depends uniquely on 
the identity of the instance of E4 Period. Therefore we model E4 Period 
to be a subclass of E2 Temporal Entity and of E92 Spacetime volume, a 
“phenomenal” one (see Hiebel et al.). By virtue of this multiple 
inheritance, we avoid representing each instance of E4 Period together 
with an instance of its associated spacetime volume, if we want to talk 
about its physical extent. This model, even though combining two 
distinct kinds of substance, is unambiguous, effective and corresponds 
to the intuitions of natural language.

Typically this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods 
such as the “Neolithic Period”, the “Ming Dynasty” or the “McCarthy 
Era”, but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are 
regarded as special cases of E4 Period. Geopolitical units may be 
distributed over disconnected areas, such as islands or colonies. In 
such cases, the spatiotemporal extent is composed of more than one 
spacetime volume. One may argue that the activities to govern 
disconnected areas imply travelling through spaces connecting them and 
that these areas hence are spatially connected in a way, but it appears 
counterintuitive to consider for instance travel routes in international 
waters as extensions of geopolitical units. Nevertheless, an instance of 
E4 Period must be contiguous in time. I.e., if it has ended in all 
areas, it has ended as a whole, but it may involve one area after 
another, such as the Polynesian migration, as long as it is ongoingat 
least in one area.

There are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In 
particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of 
coherent phenomena. Therefore E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For 
example, a modern clinical E67 Birth can be seen as both an atomic E5 
Event and as an E4 Period that consists of multiple activities performed 
by multiple instances of E39 Actor.

There are two different conceptualisations of ‘artistic style’, defined 
either by physical features or by historical context. For example, 
“Impressionism” can be viewed as a period lasting from approximately 
1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were 
produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, 
Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as 
a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the 
works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical 
context. The first interpretation is an E4 Period, and the second 
defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type.

Another specific case of an E4 Period is the set of activities and 
phenomena associated with a settlement, such as the populated period of 
Nineveh.

Examples:

§Jurassic

§European Bronze Age

§Italian Renaissance

§Thirty Years War

§Sturm und Drang

§Cubism

Properties*:*

P7<#_P7_took_place>took place at (witnessed): E53<#_E53_Place>Place

P8<#_P8_took_place>took place on or within (witnessed): 
E18<#_E19_Physical_Object>Physical Thing

P9<#_P9_consists_of_%28forms%20part%20of%29>consists of (forms part of): 
E4<#_E4_Period>Period

E92 Spacetime Volume:

Properties:

P10<#_P10_falls_within_%28contains%29>falls within (contains): E92 
Spacetime Volume

P132<#_P132_overlaps_with>overlaps with: E92 Spacetime Volume

P133<#_P133_is_separated_from>is separated from: E92 Spacetime Volume

-- 

--------------------------------------------------------------
  Dr. Martin Doerr              |  Vox:+30(2810)391625        |
  Research Director             |  Fax:+30(2810)391638        |
                                |  Email: martin at ics.forth.gr |
                                                              |
                Center for Cultural Informatics               |
                Information Systems Laboratory                |
                 Institute of Computer Science                |
    Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH)   |
                                                              |
                N.Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton,             |
                 GR70013 Heraklion,Crete,Greece               |
                                                              |
              Web-site: http://www.ics.forth.gr/isl           |
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